Mental Workbench

This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong.
====== Otwarty kolektor ======
Otwarty kolektor (:EN: open collector) jest rodzajem wyjścia układu elektronicznego. 
Jeżeli układ jest zbudowany nie w technologi bipolarnej a polowej (MOSFET) to wyjście takie nazywamy otwartym drenem (:EN: open drain), pełni taką samą role i działa tak samo jak otwarty kolektor.
Emiter tranzystora wyjściowego jest połączony z masą. Kolektor tranzystora jest bezpośrednio wyprowadzony na zewnątrz obudowy (stąd nazwa).
Wersje układów z otwartym emiterem są dużo rzadsze. 

<html>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) --> <svg xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd" xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape" width="168.14285" height="136.25" id="svg2" version="1.1" inkscape:version="0.48.2 r9819" sodipodi:docname="Rysunek-1.svg"> <defs id="defs4" /> <sodipodi:namedview id="base" pagecolor="#ffffff" bordercolor="#666666" borderopacity="1.0" inkscape:pageopacity="0.0" inkscape:pageshadow="2" inkscape:zoom="3.8014544" inkscape:cx="111.91025" inkscape:cy="72.043825" inkscape:document-units="px" inkscape:current-layer="layer1" showgrid="true" inkscape:snap-object-midpoints="true" inkscape:window-width="1440" inkscape:window-height="848" inkscape:window-x="1272" inkscape:window-y="12" inkscape:window-maximized="1" fit-margin-top="5" fit-margin-left="5" fit-margin-right="5" fit-margin-bottom="5" inkscape:snap-grids="false" inkscape:snap-bbox="true" inkscape:snap-center="true" inkscape:snap-midpoints="true" inkscape:snap-smooth-nodes="true" inkscape:object-nodes="true" inkscape:object-paths="true"> <inkscape:grid type="xygrid" id="grid2985" empspacing="5" visible="true" enabled="true" snapvisiblegridlinesonly="true" /> </sodipodi:namedview> <metadata id="metadata7"> <rdf:RDF> <cc:Work rdf:about=""> <dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format> <dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" /> <dc:title></dc:title> </cc:Work> </rdf:RDF> </metadata> <g inkscape:label="Layer 1" inkscape:groupmode="layer" id="layer1" transform="translate(-159.25,-111.61218)"> <rect style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" id="rect9260" width="115" height="115" x="165" y="117.36218" /> <g transform="translate(-85,2.6171874e-6)" id="g5185"> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" d="m 350,172.36218 a 20,20 0 1 1 -40,0 20,20 0 1 1 40,0 z" id="path4667" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:square;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" d="m 325,159.36218 0,26" id="path5177" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" d="m 325,167.36218 10,-10 0,-15" id="path5179" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" d="m 325,177.36218 10,10 0,15" id="path5181" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" d="m 325,172.36218 -25,0" id="path5183" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> </g> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" d="M 245.17157,179.70533 248,185.36218 242.34315,182.53375" id="path5204" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" d="m 250,202.36218 0,10" id="path6029" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" d="m 205,212.36218 45,0" id="path6031" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" /> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" d="m 250,142.36218 55,0" id="path6033" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" /> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" d="m 215,172.36218 -10,0" id="path6039" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" d="m 307.5,142.36218 a 2.5,2.5 0 0 1 -5,0 2.5,2.5 0 1 1 5,0 z" id="path6041" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <text xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans" x="171.05223" y="130.78384" id="text10030" sodipodi:linespacing="125%"><tspan sodipodi:role="line" id="tspan10032" x="171.05223" y="130.78384" style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri">IC</tspan></text> <path style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" d="m 225,212.36218 0,30" id="path10036" inkscape:connector-curvature="0" /> <path sodipodi:type="arc" id="path10038" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" sodipodi:cx="225" sodipodi:cy="212.36218" sodipodi:rx="1.5" sodipodi:ry="1.5" d="m 226.5,212.36218 c 0,0.82843 -0.67157,1.5 -1.5,1.5 -0.82843,0 -1.5,-0.67157 -1.5,-1.5 0,-0.82842 0.67157,-1.5 1.5,-1.5 0.82843,0 1.5,0.67158 1.5,1.5 z" /> <path style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.45575035px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" d="m 219.72606,242.36218 10.54788,0" id="path10040" inkscape:connector-curvature="0" /> <text xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans" x="289.09988" y="159.0199" id="text10042" sodipodi:linespacing="125%"><tspan sodipodi:role="line" id="tspan10044" x="289.09988" y="159.0199" style="-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri;font-family:Calibri;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-variant:normal">output</tspan></text> <path style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:2,1;stroke-dashoffset:0" d="M 45.75,60.75 35.899841,60.73013" id="path10046" inkscape:connector-curvature="0" transform="translate(159.25,111.61218)" /> <path inkscape:connector-curvature="0" id="path10048" d="m 205,212.36218 -9.85016,-0.0199" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:2, 1;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> </g> </svg>
</html>

Układy trójstanowe różnią się od układów z otwartym kolektorem. W układzie trójstanowym mamy 3 tranzystory: dwa podciągające linie do masy bądź zasilania
oraz trzeci włączający lub rozłączający układ od linii. 

Układ otwartego kolektora umożliwia ustawienie 2 stanów wyjściowych:
  * Logicznego 0 (potencjał masy, prąd wpływa do układu)
  * Wysokiej impedancji (:EN: high impedance; hiZ; 3rd state; floating ) (prąd ani nie wpływa ani nie wypływa z układu)

Często linie sterowane przez układ otwartego kolektora posiadają logikę odwrotną: stan aktywny jest sygnalizowany przez niskie napięcie. 
Aby linia pracowała poprawnie konieczne jest zastosowanie rezystorów podciągających (:EN: pull-up) tak aby stan linii był ustalony na napięcie wysokie, 
kiedy każde wyjście z podłączonych urządzeń jest w stanie wysokiej impedancji.

<html>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) --><svg xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" width="233.66211" height="188.85619" id="svg2"> <defs id="defs4" /> <metadata id="metadata7"> <rdf:RDF> <cc:Work rdf:about=""> <dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format> <dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" /> <dc:title></dc:title> </cc:Work> </rdf:RDF> </metadata> <g transform="translate(-153.5,-59.733876)" id="layer1"> <rect width="115" height="115" x="159.25" y="117.86218" id="rect9260" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <g transform="translate(-90.75,0.500003)" id="g5185"> <path d="m 350,172.36218 a 20,20 0 1 1 -40,0 20,20 0 1 1 40,0 z" id="path4667" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:square;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 325,159.36218 0,26" id="path5177" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,167.36218 10,-10 0,-15" id="path5179" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,177.36218 10,10 0,15" id="path5181" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,172.36218 -25,0" id="path5183" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> </g> <path d="m 175,88.856186 c -100,0 -105,50.000004 -105,90.000004 l 5,-10" transform="translate(153.5,59.733876)" id="path10713" style="fill:none;stroke:#800000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 239.42157,180.20533 2.82843,5.65685 -5.65685,-2.82843" id="path5204" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 244.25,202.86218 0,10" id="path6029" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 199.25,212.86218 45,0" id="path6031" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 244.25,142.86218 55,0" id="path6033" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 209.25,172.86218 -10,0" id="path6039" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <text x="165.30223" y="131.28384" id="text10030" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="165.30223" y="131.28384" id="tspan10032" style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri">IC</tspan></text> <path d="m 219.25,212.86218 0,30" id="path10036" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 226.5,212.36218 a 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 -3,0 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 3,0 z" transform="translate(-5.75,0.5)" id="path10038" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 213.97606,242.86218 10.54788,0" id="path10040" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.45575035px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <text x="349.25" y="142.86218" id="text10042" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="349.25" y="142.86218" id="tspan10044" style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri">output</tspan></text> <path d="m 199.25,172.86218 -9.85016,-0.0199" id="path10046" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:2, 1;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 199.25,212.86218 -9.85016,-0.0199" id="path10048" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:2, 1;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 300.75,142.86218 a 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 -3,0 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 3,0 z" transform="translate(0,-2.6171875e-6)" id="path10675" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 135,23.856186 c 0,25 -5,55 40,55 l -10,-5" transform="translate(153.5,59.733876)" id="path10715" style="fill:none;stroke:#000080;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 299.25,142.86218 0,-15" id="path10677" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <rect width="10" height="30" x="135" y="-13.75" transform="translate(159.25,111.61218)" id="rect10679" style="fill:#ffffff;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 299.25,97.86218 0,-15" id="path10681" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 145,-28.75 -10,0 5,-5 5,5" transform="translate(159.25,111.61218)" id="path10683" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <text x="133.63306" y="-38.28846" transform="translate(159.25,111.61218)" id="text10685" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="133.63306" y="-38.28846" id="tspan10687">Vcc</tspan></text> <text x="309.25" y="117.86218" id="text10689" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="309.25" y="117.86218" id="tspan10691">R<tspan id="tspan10693" style="font-size:65.00091553%;baseline-shift:sub">pull-up</tspan></tspan></text> <path d="m 140,31.25 40,0" transform="translate(159.25,111.61218)" id="path10695" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 341.75,142.86218 a 2.5,2.5 0 0 1 -5,0 2.5,2.5 0 1 1 5,0 z" id="path6041" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <text x="193.91016" y="163.59006" id="text10697" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="193.91016" y="163.59006" id="tspan10699" style="fill:#800000">1</tspan></text> <text x="333.08984" y="158.59006" id="text10701" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="333.08984" y="158.59006" id="tspan10703" style="fill:#800000">0</tspan></text> <text x="193.5" y="188.59006" id="text10705" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="193.5" y="188.59006" id="tspan10707" style="fill:#000080">0</tspan></text> <text x="333.5" y="133.59006" id="text10709" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="333.5" y="133.59006" id="tspan10711" style="fill:#000080;stroke:none">1</tspan></text> </g> </svg>
</html>

Układ umożliwia:
  * Sterowanie układami o innym napięciu niż napięcie układu
<html>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) --><svg xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" width="233.66211" height="188.85619" id="svg2"> <defs id="defs4" /> <metadata id="metadata7"> <rdf:RDF> <cc:Work rdf:about=""> <dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format> <dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" /> <dc:title></dc:title> </cc:Work> </rdf:RDF> </metadata> <g transform="translate(-153.5,-59.733876)" id="layer1"> <rect width="115" height="115" x="159.25" y="117.86218" id="rect9260" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <g transform="translate(-90.75,0.500003)" id="g5185"> <path d="m 350,172.36218 a 20,20 0 1 1 -40,0 20,20 0 1 1 40,0 z" id="path4667" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:square;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 325,159.36218 0,26" id="path5177" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,167.36218 10,-10 0,-15" id="path5179" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,177.36218 10,10 0,15" id="path5181" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,172.36218 -25,0" id="path5183" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> </g> <path d="m 239.42157,180.20533 2.82843,5.65685 -5.65685,-2.82843" id="path5204" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 244.25,202.86218 0,10" id="path6029" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 199.25,212.86218 45,0" id="path6031" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 244.25,142.86218 55,0" id="path6033" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 209.25,172.86218 -10,0" id="path6039" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <text x="165.30223" y="131.28384" id="text10030" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="165.30223" y="131.28384" id="tspan10032" style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri">IC</tspan></text> <path d="m 219.25,212.86218 0,30" id="path10036" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 226.5,212.36218 a 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 -3,0 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 3,0 z" transform="translate(-5.75,0.5)" id="path10038" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 213.97606,242.86218 10.54788,0" id="path10040" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.45575035px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 199.25,172.86218 -9.85016,-0.0199" id="path10046" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:2, 1;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 199.25,212.86218 -9.85016,-0.0199" id="path10048" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:2, 1;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 299.25,142.86218 0,-15" id="path10677" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 299.25,99.86218 0,-15" id="path10681" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 304.25,84.86218 -10,0 5,-5 5,5" id="path10683" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 35,43.856186 0,25" transform="translate(153.5,59.733876)" id="path10719" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 188.5,173.59006 0,-45" id="path10721" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:2, 1;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 193.5,103.59007 -10,0 5,-5.000008 5,5.000008" id="path10725" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <text x="178.5" y="93.590065" id="text10727" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="178.5" y="93.590065" id="tspan10729" style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri">5 [V]</tspan></text> <text x="288.5" y="75.590065" id="text10731" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="288.5" y="75.590065" id="tspan10733" style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri">12 [V]</tspan></text> <g transform="matrix(0.66666632,0,0,0.66666632,86.916777,-7.7811339)" id="g10743" style="stroke-width:3.00000167;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none"> <path d="m 186,123.85619 a 21,21.000008 0 1 1 -42,0 21,21.000008 0 1 1 42,0 z" transform="translate(153.5,59.733876)" id="path10735" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:2.25000119;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 180,138.85619 -30,-30" transform="translate(153.5,59.733876)" id="path10737" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:3.00000167;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 180,108.85619 -30,30" transform="translate(153.5,59.733876)" id="path10739" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:3.00000167;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> </g> </g> </svg>
</html>

  * Podłączenie więcej niż jednego wyjścia (ale muszą one wszystkie być typu otwarty kolektor) do jednej linii. 
    <html>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) --><svg xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" width="104.75321" height="299.83405" id="svg2"> <defs id="defs4" /> <metadata id="metadata7"> <rdf:RDF> <cc:Work rdf:about=""> <dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format> <dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" /> <dc:title></dc:title> </cc:Work> </rdf:RDF> </metadata> <g transform="translate(-157.11416,50.843617)" id="layer1"> <g id="g10748"> <rect width="74.666939" height="74.666939" x="162.60112" y="162.35812" id="rect9260" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.97391659;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <g transform="matrix(0.64927773,0,0,0.64927773,0.28168773,86.157472)" id="g5185"> <path d="m 350,172.36218 a 20,20 0 1 1 -40,0 20,20 0 1 1 40,0 z" id="path4667" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:square;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 325,159.36218 0,26" id="path5177" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,167.36218 10,-10 0,-15" id="path5179" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,177.36218 10,10 0,15" id="path5181" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,172.36218 -25,0" id="path5183" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> </g> <path d="m 214.65473,202.83613 1.83644,3.67287 -3.67287,-1.83643" id="path5204" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 217.78972,217.54672 0,6.49278" id="path6029" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 188.57223,224.0395 29.21749,0" id="path6031" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 217.78972,178.59006 35.71028,0" id="path6033" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 195.065,198.06839 -6.49277,0" id="path6039" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <text x="166.5307" y="171.07251" id="text10030" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:7.79133272px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="166.5307" y="171.07251" id="tspan10032" style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri">IC</tspan></text> <path d="m 201.55778,224.0395 0,19.47833" id="path10036" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 226.5,212.36218 a 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 -3,0 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 3,0 z" transform="matrix(0.64927773,0,0,0.64927773,55.470295,86.15747)" id="path10038" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 198.13353,243.51783 6.8485,0" id="path10040" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.94518626px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 188.57223,198.06839 -6.39549,-0.0129" id="path10046" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:1.29855545, 0.64927773;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 188.57223,224.0395 -6.39549,-0.0129" id="path10048" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:1.29855545, 0.64927773;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> </g> <g transform="translate(0,-89.999998)" id="g10769"> <rect width="74.666939" height="74.666939" x="162.60112" y="162.35812" id="rect10771" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.97391659;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <g transform="matrix(0.64927773,0,0,0.64927773,0.28168773,86.157472)" id="g10773"> <path d="m 350,172.36218 a 20,20 0 1 1 -40,0 20,20 0 1 1 40,0 z" id="path10775" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:square;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 325,159.36218 0,26" id="path10777" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,167.36218 10,-10 0,-15" id="path10779" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,177.36218 10,10 0,15" id="path10781" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,172.36218 -25,0" id="path10783" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> </g> <path d="m 214.65473,202.83613 1.83644,3.67287 -3.67287,-1.83643" id="path10785" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 217.78972,217.54672 0,6.49278" id="path10787" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 188.57223,224.0395 29.21749,0" id="path10789" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 217.78972,178.59006 35.71028,0" id="path10791" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 195.065,198.06839 -6.49277,0" id="path10793" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <text x="166.5307" y="171.07251" id="text10795" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:7.79133272px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="166.5307" y="171.07251" id="tspan10797" style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri">IC</tspan></text> <path d="m 201.55778,224.0395 0,19.47833" id="path10799" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 226.5,212.36218 a 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 -3,0 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 3,0 z" transform="matrix(0.64927773,0,0,0.64927773,55.470295,86.15747)" id="path10801" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 198.13353,243.51783 6.8485,0" id="path10803" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.94518626px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 188.57223,198.06839 -6.39549,-0.0129" id="path10805" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:1.29855545, 0.64927773;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 188.57223,224.0395 -6.39549,-0.0129" id="path10807" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:1.29855545, 0.64927773;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> </g> <g transform="translate(0,-185)" id="g10809"> <rect width="74.666939" height="74.666939" x="162.60112" y="162.35812" id="rect10811" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.97391659;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <g transform="matrix(0.64927773,0,0,0.64927773,0.28168773,86.157472)" id="g10813"> <path d="m 350,172.36218 a 20,20 0 1 1 -40,0 20,20 0 1 1 40,0 z" id="path10815" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:square;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 325,159.36218 0,26" id="path10817" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,167.36218 10,-10 0,-15" id="path10819" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,177.36218 10,10 0,15" id="path10821" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 325,172.36218 -25,0" id="path10823" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> </g> <path d="m 214.65473,202.83613 1.83644,3.67287 -3.67287,-1.83643" id="path10825" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 217.78972,217.54672 0,6.49278" id="path10827" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 188.57223,224.0395 29.21749,0" id="path10829" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 217.78972,178.59006 35.71028,0" id="path10831" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 195.065,198.06839 -6.49277,0" id="path10833" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <text x="166.5307" y="171.07251" id="text10835" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:7.79133272px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans"><tspan x="166.5307" y="171.07251" id="tspan10837" style="font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri">IC</tspan></text> <path d="m 201.55778,224.0395 0,19.47833" id="path10839" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 226.5,212.36218 a 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 -3,0 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 3,0 z" transform="matrix(0.64927773,0,0,0.64927773,55.470295,86.15747)" id="path10841" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 198.13353,243.51783 6.8485,0" id="path10843" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.94518626px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <path d="m 188.57223,198.06839 -6.39549,-0.0129" id="path10845" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:1.29855545, 0.64927773;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 188.57223,224.0395 -6.39549,-0.0129" id="path10847" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.64927775;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:1.29855545, 0.64927773;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> </g> <path d="m 100,148.85619 0,-251.06632" transform="translate(153.5,59.733876)" id="path10849" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1" /> <rect width="5" height="15" x="251" y="-35.659939" id="rect10851" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 255,178.59006 a 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 -3,0 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 3,0 z" id="path10853" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 255,88.590065 a 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 -3,0 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 3,0 z" id="path10855" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 255,-6.4099383 a 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 -3,0 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 3,0 z" id="path10857" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 250.63263,-42.476251 5.73474,0 -2.86737,-2.867366 z" id="path10859" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="M 253.4871,214.89133 253.5,208.49584" id="path10046-1" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:2, 1;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> </g> </svg>
</html>

Interfejsy pracujące z wyjściami typu open collector:
   * I2C
   * 1-Wire
   * SMBus 

Dodatkowo:
  * [[http://www.interfacebus.com/IC_Open_Collector_Output_pins.html]] (lista IC z OC + wzory na rezystory podciągające)
===== Iloczyn galwaniczny =====
Inna nazwa to iloczyn montażowy lub w odniesieniu do logiki ujemnej sumą galwaniczną(:EN: wired AND; wired OR).
Jeżeli którykolwiek z wyjściowych tranzystorów jest aktywny, napięcie na wszystkich tranzystorach podpiętych pod tą samą linię jest niskie.

<html>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) --><svg xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" width="277.76312" height="195.64648" id="svg2"> <defs id="defs4" /> <metadata id="metadata7"> <rdf:RDF> <cc:Work rdf:about=""> <dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format> <dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" /> <dc:title></dc:title> </cc:Work> </rdf:RDF> </metadata> <g transform="translate(-89.268135,-221.86218)" id="layer1"> <path d="m 120,322.36218 50,-30 -50,-30 m 0,0 0,60" id="path2989" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:2;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 170,292.36218 20,0" id="path3760" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 120,292.36218 -25,0" id="path3762" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 120,392.36218 50,-30 -50,-30 m 0,0 0,60" id="path3764" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:2;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 170,362.36218 20,0" id="path3766" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 120,362.36218 -25,0" id="path3768" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 190,362.36218 0,-130" id="path3770" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 191.5,292.36218 a 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 -3,0 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 3,0 z" id="path3772" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 190,292.36218 15,0" id="path3774" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <rect width="10" height="25" x="185" y="247.36218" id="rect3776" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:2;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 215,299.86218 a 2.5,2.5 0 1 1 -5,0 2.5,2.5 0 1 1 5,0 z" transform="translate(-7.5,-7.5)" id="path3778" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <text x="94.285713" y="284.50504" id="text3780" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Calibri"><tspan x="94.285713" y="284.50504" id="tspan3782">A</tspan></text> <text x="95" y="352.36218" id="text3784" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Calibri"><tspan x="95" y="352.36218" id="tspan3786">B</tspan></text> <path d="m 195,232.36218 -10,0" id="path3788" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 185,232.36218 5,-5 5,5" id="path3790" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 270,322.36218 50,-30 -50,-30 m 0,0 0,60" id="path3792" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:2;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 320,292.36218 20,0" id="path3794" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 270,292.36218 -25,0" id="path3796" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 270,392.36218 50,-30 -50,-30 m 0,0 0,60" id="path3798" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:2;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 320,362.36218 20,0" id="path3800" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 270,362.36218 -25,0" id="path3802" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 340,362.36218 0,-130" id="path3804" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 191.5,292.36218 a 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 -3,0 1.5,1.5 0 1 1 3,0 z" transform="translate(150,2.6171874e-6)" id="path3806" style="fill:#000000;stroke:none" /> <path d="m 340,292.36218 15,0" id="path3808" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <rect width="10" height="25" x="335" y="247.36218" id="rect3810" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:2;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 215,299.86218 a 2.5,2.5 0 1 1 -5,0 2.5,2.5 0 1 1 5,0 z" transform="translate(142.5,-7.4999974)" id="path3812" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <text x="245" y="282.36218" id="text3814" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Calibri"><tspan x="245" y="282.36218" id="tspan3816">C</tspan></text> <text x="245" y="352.36218" id="text3818" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Calibri"><tspan x="245" y="352.36218" id="tspan3820">D</tspan></text> <path d="m 345,232.36218 -10,0" id="path3822" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 335,232.36218 5,-5 5,5" id="path3824" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none" /> <path d="m 215,299.86218 a 2.5,2.5 0 1 1 -5,0 2.5,2.5 0 1 1 5,0 z" transform="matrix(2,0,0,2,-105,-307.36218)" id="path3826" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <path d="m 215,299.86218 a 2.5,2.5 0 1 1 -5,0 2.5,2.5 0 1 1 5,0 z" transform="matrix(2,0,0,2,-105,-237.36218)" id="path3828" style="fill:#ffffff;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0" /> <text x="205" y="282.36218" id="text3830" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Calibri"><tspan x="205" y="282.36218" id="tspan3832">Y</tspan></text> <text x="355" y="282.36218" id="text3834" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Calibri"><tspan x="355" y="282.36218" id="tspan3836">Z</tspan></text> <text x="115" y="412.36218" id="text3838" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Calibri"><tspan x="115" y="412.36218" id="tspan3840">Wired AND</tspan></text> <text x="265" y="412.36218" id="text3842" xml:space="preserve" style="font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Calibri"><tspan x="265" y="412.36218" id="tspan3844">Wired OR</tspan></text> </g> </svg>
</html>

  * Sygnał przechodzi przez dwa bufory z wyjściami OC, połączenie przewodów (kropka) zastępuje bramkę AND $Y=A \cdot B$
  * Sygnał przechodzi przez dwa inwertery z wyjściami OC, połączenie przewodów zastępuje brankę OR $Z= \bar C \vee \bar D$

Źródła:
  * "Elektronika" Augustyn Chwaleba,Bogdan Moeschke,Grzegorz Płoszajski WSiP Warszawa 2008